Formalize these propositions and then open them up in the corresponding yards.

1. All is beautiful.

2. Something is perfect.

3. All is pure for the pure.

4. Something is not in the eye of the beholder.

5. Nobody is perfect.

6. Something is not as bad as you think it is.

7. Nothing is as simple as they want you to believe.

8. Something real is not rational.

Formalize the following propositions from ordinary language. Use “W”, “Y”.

1. No politician is sincere.

2. All lions are mammals.

3. Some men are kind.

4. Some representatives are not in favor of tax cuts.

5. Not all teachers have a genuine avocation.

6. Some women are powerful.

7. Some metals are not malleable.

Build the square of oppositions for each one of the given propositions. Starting from their truth or falsehood, say what is known about the truth value of the other three propositions.

1. All members of the board voted in favor of the motion. (false)

2. No member of Congress is a nuclear physicist. (true)

3. Some members of the Board were wrong. (false)

Formalize these propositions from ordinary language; use “W”, “Y”.

1. Many tropical rivers are torrential.

2. Beatrice is intelligent. Blessed are the pure of heart.

3. Peter studies just too much.

4. Not all students are lazy.

5. Only those who study will pass the course.

6. The Odyssey is a most beautiful poem.

7. Hemingway writes good novels.